Nanoparticles coated with GSH and TEG were intravenously injected into mice and their half-lives and final destinations were determined via photometric analysis, light microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. I compared the TEG-coated particles to those coated with glutathione (GSH), which are relatively unaltered in circulation and readily filtered by the kidney. I have investigated a little studied nanoparticle coating, tetra-ethylene glycol (TEG), to determine if it provides pharmacologically relevant advantages, such as increased serum half-life and resistance to protein adsorption. Published evidence suggests that they produce better patient outcomes than current delivery systems.
Nanoparticles are becoming increasingly used in medicine as carriers of anti-tumor drugs.
Affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology. I am sure that the electricity needed for the cyclotron, the chemicals needed for the separation and the time of the workers needed will be more valuable than the gold that they foem. I would then need to dissolve the cyclotron target in acid and then use solvent extraction to separate the gold from the mercury, thallium, lead and other things in the target. In the mean time the Bi-197 will have undergone a series of positron emissions to form Au-197. I would expect to form as well as Bi-197 some Bi-205 (radioactive half life 15 days) and Bi-202 which will decay to long lived Pb-202- So the cyclotron target will stay radioactive a long time. This process is spallation, this would form an unholy mixture of things with differnet atomic masses. By making a proton enter the nucleous of the lead, if the resulting nucleous has a high energy it would emit some neutrons or alpha particles or even some protons. The best way I can think of doing it would be to use lead as a cyclotron target, I would need to bombard it with very high energy protons. The Wikipedia article I referenced directly above notes, "the expense far exceeds any gain." There are other ways (fission and fusion) to produce gold, but at least with the methods available today, the cost would be astronomical. How much money would it approximately cost compared to how much we win And then since the bismuth isotope is not long-lived you'd probably start with its precursor, and so on until you find something that has a long enough life that you could assemble a reasonable quantity.īack around 1980 Glenn Seaborg actually transmuted bismuth to gold, but only a few thousand atoms (see this reference also). How could we get a great quantity of $\ce$, the decay of which adds some impurity along with lead. Interesting idea, but it has already been done, and not cheaply - read on.
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